Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Naturopathic and nutritional strategies are generally created with an aim to soothe irritated skin, maintain hydration during infection, as well as to support normal immune function. 

Although chickenpox is often an unpleasant illness, many people have traditionally viewed it as a common childhood infection. This is because, once someone has recovered from chickenpox, they usually develop long-term immunity, making it unlikely that they will catch the disease again (1).

Chickenpox can occasionally lead to serious complications, particularly in infants, a person who is pregnant, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. The information in this article is intended for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional if symptoms are severe, persistent, or causing concern (2,3).

Itching is one of the most common symptoms of chickenpox, but finding ways to soothe the skin may help reduce the urge to scratch, which can contribute to irritation and increase the risk of skin damage. The following traditional applications may help: 

Oatmeal baths: Colloidal oatmeal is finely milled oatmeal designed for topical use (4). Adding oatmeal to a lukewarm bath may also help provide some relief from discomfort associated with itching. Oatmeal in its many forms is widely used to help calm conditions related to sensitive or irritated skin, by acting as a natural skin protectant, binding to the skin and creating a barrier that locks in moisture, relieves inflammation, as well as balancing skin pH (5). 

Baking soda compresses: To use baking soda for chickenpox, dissolve one cup in a lukewarm bath, or mix equal parts baking soda and water to form a gentle paste to apply to blisters (6). When applied gently to affected areas, it can have a cooling effect. Similar to oatmeal, it has a neutralising effect on the skin's pH levels, reducing inflammation and helping to dry out oozing blisters to relieve intense itching.

Herbal preparations: Traditional herbal preparations made from chamomile (7) or calendula (6) are sometimes used as gentle skin applications. These preparations can be bought made up and ready to use or can be mixed at home.

Aloe vera gel: Aloe vera is valued for its cooling and moisturising properties. It is also thought to help in soothing irritated skin, calming the itching-scratching cycle, and promoting healing of the blisters (8).

During illness, paying attention to hydration and nutrient intake may be particularly important, and a balanced diet provides the body with the nutrients it needs to maintain normal immune function. Here are some dietary considerations for recovery:

Vitamin C rich foods: Vitamin C supports recovery from infection as it contributes to the normal function of the immune system (9). Additionally, Vitamin C promotes wound healing through novel pleiotropic mechanisms, meaning that it potentially minimises the severity or scarring of chickenpox blisters (10). This vitamin is found naturally in foods such as citrus fruits, berries, kiwi fruit, and bell peppers.

Zinc-containing foods: Zinc is an essential mineral required for immune function, DNA synthesis, and metabolism. Since your body doesn't store zinc, you need to consume it daily. Foods such as pumpkin seeds, lentils, seafood, lean meats, and beans can help contribute to daily zinc intake (11, 12). In terms of chickenpox, it's said that its role acts as supportive care rather than a direct cure (13).

Protein and lysine sources: Protein provides essential amino acids that support normal growth, repair, and maintenance within the body. Foods such as fish, poultry, dairy products, eggs, and legumes can therefore be useful additions to a balanced diet during recovery from illness (14). Why lysine? L-lysine is an essential amino acid that is sometimes used as part of a nutritional approach to managing chickenpox and shingles, as the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) belongs to the herpesvirus family. Herpesviruses rely on another amino acid, arginine, to replicate effectively within host cells. Because lysine and arginine compete for absorption and cellular utilisation, some researchers have suggested that increasing lysine intake may help reduce the availability of arginine needed by the virus. Laboratory studies and theoretical evidence have explored this potential mechanism (15, 16), however, it is thought that clinical evidence demonstrating that lysine can cure chickenpox or significantly shorten the duration of illness still remains limited. Foods naturally rich in lysine include fish, poultry, dairy products, eggs, and legumes, while L-lysine supplements are also available.

Hydration: Fever and reduced appetite can sometimes contribute to dehydration (17). Therefore drinking plenty of fluids, including water, clear broths, and suitable herbal teas, may help maintain hydration and reduce unpleasant symptoms which arise when dehydrated.

Limiting highly processed foods: Some practitioners recommend focusing on nutrient-dense whole foods while reducing highly processed products and foods high in added sugars to aid in strengthening the immune system (18).

Vitamin A: Vitamin A plays an important role in skin health and immune function. More specifically, it plays an essential role in cell division and tissue repair, making it crucial for rebuilding the skin layers damaged by chickenpox lesions (19). It also helps maintain the integrity of mucous membranes (the linings of the airways and gut), which act as your body's first line of defense against pathogens.

Elderberry: Elderberry has been used traditionally as an antiviral agent for centuries. Elderberries are rich in antioxidants called anthocyanins and are thought to suppress viral activity and to shorten the duration of illnesses (20).

Liquorice root: Liquorice is another herb with a long history of traditional use in terms of infections. It contains a compound called glycyrrhizin, which laboratory studies indicate has antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties (21, 22).

Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that help support a healthy balance of gut bacteria. A large portion of your immune system resides in the gut. Because of this, some practitioners include probiotic-rich foods or supplements as part of a broader nutritional approach towards strengthening the immune system as a whole (23).

Keeping fingernails trimmed and clean may help reduce accidental skin damage caused by scratching, particularly in younger children.

Choose loose, breathable clothing. Soft cotton clothing and breathable fabrics may help minimise friction against sensitive skin and improve overall comfort.

Prioritise rest, as adequate rest can help the body recover during illness (24).

Monitor fever: You should reach out to a healthcare professional (like your GP or NHS 111) if:

1- The fever lasts longer than 3 to 4 days, returns after initially subsiding, or is very high.

2- The skin around the blisters becomes hot, red, or increasingly painful.

3- The person shows signs of dehydration (e.g., drowsiness, little to no urine passed).

4- The infected person is pregnant, has a weakened immune system, or is a newborn (24).

Please note: Aspirin should never be given to children or teenagers with viral illnesses because of the risk of Reye's syndrome (25).